Mối quan hệ giữa quản trị lợi nhuận và quy mô giá trị vốn hóa theo tứ phân vị: Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại Việt Nam

Trần Thị Tuyết Vân1,
1 Trường Đại học Ngân hàng Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
0
Ngày xuất bản: 25/04/2026
Ngày xuất bản Online: 25/04/2026
Chuyên mục: Tài chính, Ngân hàng, Kế toán, Kiểm toán
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52932/jfmr.v17i02.1001

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Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu kiểm định mối quan hệ giữa quản trị lợi nhuận (QTLN) và quy mô giá trị vốn hóa (GTVH) thị trường, đồng thời kiểm định tính dị biệt trong tác động theo các mức quy mô khác nhau bằng phương pháp chia tứ phân vị giá trị vốn hóa (lnMC) trong bối cảnh Việt Nam giai đoạn 2016-2023. Dữ liệu được xử lý bằng mô hình System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) với biến phụ thuộc trễ nhằm khắc phục vấn đề nội sinh và sai số tự tương quan. Kết quả cho thấy, sự khác biệt đáng kể về mức độ và hướng tác động của các biến giữa các phân vị, gợi ý rằng, các mối quan hệ này không đồng nhất trên toàn bộ phân phối của lnMC. Cụ thể, biến QTLN đo lường bằng các khoản dồn tích (DA) có tác động ngược chiều và có ý nghĩa thống kê trong phân vị thứ 2 và 3, trong khi tác động cùng chiều đáng kể ở nhóm doanh nghiệp quy mô lớn nhất (phân vị 4). Điều này cho thấy, quản trị lợi nhuận có thể bị thị trường đánh giá tiêu cực ở các doanh nghiệp quy mô vừa và nhỏ, nhưng lại được xem là tín hiệu tích cực ở các doanh nghiệp có vốn hóa lớn. Một số biến kiểm soát như quy mô doanh nghiệp (SIZE), đòn bẩy tài chính (LEV), dòng tiền (CF) và tài sản cố định (TANG) cũng cho thấy, vai trò nổi bật. Nhìn chung, nghiên cứu khẳng định vai trò của quản trị lợi nhuận trong việc định hình giá trị vốn hóa, với mức độ và chiều hướng tác động thay đổi tùy theo quy mô doanh nghiệp. Kết quả gợi ý rằng, nhà đầu tư và nhà quản trị cần cân nhắc đặc điểm quy mô vốn hóa khi đánh giá và thực hiện các chính sách liên quan đến quản trị lợi nhuận.

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between earnings management and the scale of market capitalization, while also investigating potential heterogeneity in this relationship across different firm size segments by dividing the natural logarithm of market capitalization (lnMC) into quartiles. The research is conducted within the context of Vietnam during the period 2016–2023. Data are analyzed using the SGMM model, incorporating lagged dependent variables to address endogeneity and autocorrelation issues. The results reveal significant differences in both the magnitude and direction of the variables’ effects across quartiles, indicating that the relationships are not uniform across the distribution of lnMC. Specifically, discretionary accruals (DA) have a statistically significant negative impact in the second and third quartiles, while exhibiting a significantly positive effect among the largest firms (fourth quartile). This suggests that earnings management may be perceived negatively by the market for small and medium-sized enterprises but is viewed more favorably in large-cap firms, possibly as a positive signal. Control variables such as firm size (SIZE), leverage (LEV), cash flow (CF), and asset tangibility (TANG) also show notable influence. Overall, the study confirms the role of earnings management in shaping market capitalization, with the strength and direction of its impact varying by firm size. The findings suggest that investors and managers should take firm size characteristics into account when evaluating and implementing earnings management policies

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Trích dẫn bài báo
Trần, T. T. V. (2026). Mối quan hệ giữa quản trị lợi nhuận và quy mô giá trị vốn hóa theo tứ phân vị: Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại Việt Nam. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Tài chính - Marketing, 17(02), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.52932/jfmr.v17i02.1001