Tác động của công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài đến ô nhiễm môi trường: Trường hợp các nước Đông Nam Á
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Bài báo này phân tích tác động của công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông (ICT) và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI) đến ô nhiễm môi trường tại 11 quốc gia Đông Nam Á trong giai đoạn 1990 – 2023. Chỉ số ICT được tổng hợp thông qua phương pháp phân tích thành phần chính (PCA) từ các thành phần của ICT như tỷ lệ cá nhân sử dụng internet, thuê bao băng thông rộng cố định, thuê bao di động, người dùng internet, và số lượng máy chủ internet an toàn. Trong khi, mức độ ô nhiễm được đo lường bằng phát thải CO₂ trên đầu người. Các phương pháp ước lượng trong dữ liệu bảng được sử dụng bao gồm FEM, REM và đặc biệt phương pháp ước lượng sai số chuẩn Driscoll-Kraay giúp khắc phục các hiện tượng phương sai thay đổi và tự tương quan. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cả ICT và FDI đều có tác động cùng chiều đến phát thải CO₂, phản ánh sự gia tăng ô nhiễm môi trường liên quan đến phát triển công nghệ và dòng vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài. Thêm vào đó, ICT làm giảm tác động tiêu cực của FDI đến phát thải CO2. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi gợi mở một số hàm ý quan trọng cho các nhà làm chính sách trong việc phát triển kinh tế bền vững và thân thiện môi trường.
Abstract
This study examines the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental pollution in 11 Southeast Asian countries from 1990 to 2023. The ICT index is constructed using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, incorporating various ICT components such as the proportion of individuals using the internet, fixed broadband subscriptions, mobile subscriptions, internet users, and the number of secure internet servers. Meanwhile, environmental pollution is measured by per capita CO₂ emissions. Panel data estimation techniques, including the fixed effects model (FEM), the random effects model (REM), and, notably, the Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimation method, are employed to address heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation issues. The empirical findings indicate that both ICT and FDI positively contribute to CO₂ emissions, reflecting the environmental degradation associated with technological development and foreign investment inflows. Additionally, ICT mitigates the negative environmental impact of FDI on CO₂ emissions. Our study offers important policy implications for promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly economic development.
Từ khóa
công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông; đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài; ô nhiễm môi trường; Đông Nam Á
Chi tiết bài viết
Lĩnh vực kinh tế (JEL Codes)
F21 - International Investment • Long-Term Capital Movements - International Factor Movements and International Business, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights, Q53 - Air Pollution • Water Pollution • Noise • Hazardous Waste • Solid Waste • Recycling - Environmental Economics
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