Đầu tư công, chất lượng thể chế và tăng trưởng kinh tế tại các quốc gia Châu Á

Đặng Văn Cường1, Lê Thị An1
1 Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

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Đầu tư công, chất lượng thể chế và tăng trưởng kinh tế là ba yếu tố quan trọng trong việc thúc đẩy sự phát triển bền vững của một quốc gia. Nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy, sự tác động của đầu tư công đến tăng trưởng kinh tế là không đồng nhất là do chất lượng thể chế khác nhau ở các quốc gia. Bài viết này nghiên cứu vai trò của chất lượng thể chế trong mối quan hệ giữa đầu tư công và tăng trưởng kinh tế. Sử dụng ước lượng cho dữ liệu bảng của 24 quốc gia châu Á giai đoạn 2002 – 2022, kết quả cho thấy rằng, đầu tư công có mối quan hệ dương với tăng trưởng kinh tế, biến tương tác giữa đầu tư công và chất lượng thể chế mang dấu âm. Điều này hàm ý chất lượng thể chế đang gây cản trở đến vai trò tích cực của đầu tư công đến tăng trưởng kinh tế tại các quốc gia. Kết quả này ủng hộ cho giả thuyết về “sanding in the wheels” của chất lượng thể chế. Chính phủ các quốc gia cần tăng cường trách nhiệm giải trình và minh bạch trong quá trình lập kế hoạch và triển khai các dự án đầu tư công để góp phần thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế. Bên cạnh đó, Chính phủ cũng cần cải thiện quy trình thẩm định và đánh giá dự án để đảm bảo các dự án được lựa chọn và triển khai dựa trên tiêu chí hiệu quả kinh tế và xã hội.

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